When discussing historical Deism, it is important to distinguish its early stages from its later ones. Early Deism was not a single, unified movement; as Wayne Hudson shows, there were many different kinds of Deism.
Early Deists believed in God, but not in the Christian conception of God or the pantheistic God of some philosophers. Their other religious beliefs varied. Some believed that God intervenes in the world, while others denied it. Only later did Deism become more unified.
The label “Deism” became a convenient term Christians could use for people who did not believe in the biblical idea of God. In some cases, people may have used the label “Deism” to avoid openly declaring more radical views. The risks of expressing religious dissent included persecution, loss of privileges, or even execution.
The problem is that the beliefs of actual Deists can get lost in the confusion. Add to that the fact that, in modern times, Deism is often reduced to a single definition, and the confusion is understandable. Only a deep study of Deism’s history can straighten that out.
